‘‘Putin has opted for a conservative action course, relying on conservative values and appealing to the most conservative sentiments of the population,’’ said Alexei Makarkin, a leading analyst with the Center for Political Technologies, an independent think-tank.

He said that while the authorities would probably refrain from using the new laws in ‘‘mass repressions,’’ they may prosecute some activists to make an example of them.

Makarkin predicted that Putin would continue playing the anti-American card, adding that many hawks in Putin’s entourage would prefer a Mitt Romney victory in the U.S. presidential election, as the Republican candidate’s view of Russia as Washington’s ‘‘No. 1 geopolitical foe’’ would give Moscow strong arguments to deepen anti-U.S. policies. ‘‘Romney’s rhetoric would allow the Kremlin to toughen its stance in relations with the United States,’’ he said.

Putin will find himself at the center of public discontent in case of an economic downturn. If that happens, analysts say, the president would likely try to deflect the threat by sacrificing his protege Dmitry Medvedev, who became prime minister this year after serving as loyal presidential placeholder for four years, with Putin in the premiership due to term limits.

‘‘Putin will fire Medvedev in case of a severe economic crisis caused by external factors,’’ Belkovsky said.

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